Jack Russell Terrier

Breed Type: Terrier
Common nicknames: Jack, Russell
Coat: Wiry
Hypoallergenic: No, they will likely trigger allergies.
Temperament: Intelligent, energetic, friendly, loyal
Life expectancy: 12-16 years
Color & patterns:
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Jack Russell Terrier - Red and white
Jack Russell Terrier - tri-color
The Jack Russell Terrier is a breed that embodies energy, intelligence, and an unwavering sense of adventure. With their compact, muscular build — they stand at around 10 to 15 inches tall — Jack Russell Terriers have a bold and confident presence that matches their spirited personality. Originating from England, these delightful pups were bred for fox hunting, which explains their energetic and tenacious nature. These dogs thrive on physical activity and mental stimulation, making them perfect for active individuals or families who love outdoor adventures. Jack Russells excel in agility training, flyball, and other canine sports that challenge their athleticism and mental acuity. Their quick wit and eagerness to please make training a rewarding and enjoyable experience.

Jack Russell Terrier characteristics

Learn about about Jack Russell Terrier basics like their fur colors, shedding levels, how much grooming they need, and other Jack Russell Terrier facts.

Average height

10-15 inches (25.4-38.1cm)

Average weight

12-24 pounds (5.4-10.9 kg)

Average lifespan

12-16 years

Exercise needs
Low-key activityHigh-energy workouts
Grooming needs
OccasionallyFrequently
Full-grown size
Teeny tinySuper size
Good with cats
Likely to chaseHey, new pal!
Good with kids
Needs lots of supervisionReady to play
Training aptitude
HeadstrongEager to please
Are Jack Russell Terriers hypoallergenic?

No, Jack Russell Terriers are not hypoallergenic. They have a short, dense double coat that sheds moderately, and they produce dander, a common allergen. Individuals with allergies should spend time with a Jack Russell Terrier before bringing one into their home to assess their own sensitivity to the dog’s dander and hair. Regular grooming practices and maintaining a clean living environment can also help minimize allergens.

Do Jack Russell Terriers shed?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers shed. They are considered moderate shedders, and their short, dense double coat sheds throughout the year. Regular grooming, such as weekly brushing, can help minimize loose hair and reduce shedding.

Can Jack Russell Terriers be black and white?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be black and white. Black and white coats are among the recognized color variations for the breed, and the black markings typically appear as patches, spots, or specific areas on the coat.

What color are Jack Russell Terriers?

Jack Russell Terriers are white with black or tan markings. Tri-color patterns with a mix of white, black, and tan are also common. The coat colors of Jack Russell Terriers can vary widely, with individual dogs showcasing unique combinations and markings.

How big do Jack Russell Terriers get?

Jack Russell Terriers weigh between nine and 15 pounds and stand around 10 to 12 inches tall, although individual dogs may fall outside these averages. These small- to medium-sized dogs are known for their compact and athletic build.

When does a Jack Russell Terrier stop growing?

Jack Russell Terriers stop growing around nine to 12 months, but they may continue to develop muscle and gain weight until they are around one to two years old. Like many small terrier breeds, Jack Russell Terriers experience a relatively rapid growth phase during their puppyhood, and their physical development slows down as they approach adulthood.

How long do Jack Russell Terriers live?

Jack Russells live between 13 and 15 years, although individual longevity can vary. With proper care, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine veterinary check-ups, Jack Russell Terriers can lead healthy and active lives into their senior years. Like all breeds, factors such as genetics, overall health maintenance, and living conditions can influence their lifespan.

Is a Parson Terrier the same as a Jack Russell?

No, a Parson Terrier is not the same as a Jack Russell. However, the Parson Russell Terrier and  Jack Russell Terrier are closely related breeds, sharing a common ancestry and originating from the same line of terriers developed by Reverend Russell. 

Originally, both were known as Jack Russell Terriers, but over time, disagreements within the terrier community led to the emergence of two distinct types: the shorter-legged Jack Russell Terrier and the longer-legged Parson Russell Terrier. After a lawsuit, the Jack Russell Club of America claimed exclusive rights to the name ‘Jack Russell,’ fearing that American Kennel Club (AKC) recognition might dilute the working dog spirit of their line. In response, the AKC changed the name of their show line to the Parson Russell Terrier. While they share many physical traits, the Parson Russell Terrier and the Jack Russells are two distinct breeds.

Jack Russell Terrier health

Learn about about the Jack Russell Terrier health outlook and what diseases they may be prone to at various stages of their life.

Do Jack Russell Terriers need grooming?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers need grooming. Their short, dense double coat benefits from regular brushing, ideally done at least once a week, to remove loose hair, prevent matting, and distribute natural oils. Additionally, routine care involves checking their ears for signs of infection, trimming their nails regularly, and maintaining dental hygiene.

Do Jack Russell Terriers have health issues?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers are prone to health issues, including: 

  • Legg-Calve-Perthes: This is a condition that causes the head of the femur to spontaneously degenerate. Over time, this will lead to erosion of the hip joint and arthritis.

  • Lens luxation: This type of dislocation occurs when the support ligaments of the lens (a sphere-shaped area of the eye that focuses light on the retina) weaken or break. The weakening of the ligaments causes the lens to dislocate from its normal position. When the lens falls forward, it prevents proper drainage of fluid from the eye and can lead to glaucoma or blindness. 

  • Cataracts: This condition involves the clouding of the eye’s lens, affecting vision. Cataracts may lead to visual impairment and, if left untreated, can result in blindness.

  • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): PRA is a genetic disorder causing the degeneration of the retina, leading to gradual vision loss. It can eventually result in complete blindness.

  • Patellar luxation: This refers to the dislocation of the kneecap from its normal position, causing lameness and discomfort. Patellar luxation can vary in severity.

Jack Russell Terrier history

Learn about where this Jack Russell Terrier came from!

What were Jack Russell Terriers bred for?

Jack Russell Terriers are working dogs bred for fox hunting. Reverend John Russell developed this terrier to create a dog capable of locating and driving foxes out of their dens during hunting expeditions. The breed’s keen instincts, boundless energy, and determination made them invaluable working dogs in the pursuit of foxes. While their original purpose was hunting, Jack Russell Terriers have since become beloved pets known for their lively personalities and loyalty.

Where do Jack Russell Terriers come from?

Jack Russell Terriers originated in England in the 19th century. The breed was created by Reverend John Russell, a passionate fox hunter who aimed to develop a small, agile terrier breed with excellent hunting instincts, specifically for fox hunting. The breed was named after its founder, and Jack Russell Terriers were selectively bred for characteristics like intelligence, stamina, and a strong work ethic.

Jack Russell Terrier temperament

Learn about about the Jack Russell Terrier temperament and how well they fit into your lifestyle, home environment, and family.

Are Jack Russell Terriers good with kids?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be good with kids. They are known for their playful and energetic nature, which can make them enjoyable companions for children who are active and appreciate a dynamic playmate. However, individual temperaments can vary, and early socialization is key to fostering a positive relationship between the dog and children.

As with any breed, it is recommended that your child is always supervised when interacting with your Jack Russell Terrier to keep both the child and dog safe. Teaching children how to properly approach and handle dogs is also crucial to ensure positive experiences for both the dog and the child, as is teaching dogs how to interact gently with children.

Are Jack Russell Terriers aggressive?

No, Jack Russell Terriers aren’t naturally aggressive; however, their assertive and energetic nature may sometimes be misunderstood as aggression. Proper socialization, early training, and positive reinforcement can help channel their spirited energy in a positive direction. It’s important for pet parents to establish clear boundaries, provide consistent guidance, and meet their exercise needs to prevent any behavioral issues. Pain, discomfort, or underlying medical conditions can sometimes contribute to changes in a dog’s behavior, so it may also be worth visiting a vet to rule out their health as a cause for their behavior.

Are Jack Russell Terriers easy to train?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be easy to train if the right techniques are employed. While they are highly intelligent dogs, their independent and energetic nature can make training a bit challenging for some pet parents. They thrive on mental stimulation and positive reinforcement techniques.

Training any dog takes substantial time and effort, regardless of breed. Consistent and patient training, starting from an early age, is essential to harnessing your dog's intelligence and curbing potential behavioral issues.

Are Jack Russell Terriers good dogs?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be good dogs. They’re known for their high intelligence, energy, and lively personalities, making them excellent companions for active individuals or families. When provided with proper training, socialization, and regular exercise to channel their energy, Jack Russell Terriers can be affectionate, loyal, and entertaining pets.

Are Jack Russell Terriers friendly?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers are friendly. While they are generally outgoing and affectionate, these working dogs can be quite ornery at times. Providing proper socialization and positive experiences from an early age can help ensure a well-adjusted and friendly Jack Russell Terrier.

Do Jack Russell Terriers bark a lot?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers tend to bark a lot. Terriers are known for their alert and energetic nature and may bark to communicate, express excitement, or alert their pet parents. Providing mental stimulation, regular walks, and engaging activities can help channel their energy positively and reduce excessive barking. Consistent training methods that focus on rewarding quiet behavior and teaching commands like “quiet” can also be effective in managing their barking tendencies.

Do Jack Russell Terriers like to cuddle?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers like to cuddle, but this trait can vary among individual dogs. They are known for their lively and independent personalities, and while they may not be as naturally inclined to cuddle as some other breeds, many Jack Russells do enjoy close interaction and affection. Early socialization and positive experiences with cuddling may influence their behavior.

Are Jack Russell Terriers good family dogs?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be good family dogs, particularly for active households that can provide them with the mental and physical stimulation they need. Known for their high energy, intelligence, and playful nature, Jack Russells can form strong bonds with family members. However, their lively temperament may not be the best fit for every family, especially those seeking a more laid-back companion.

Are Jack Russell Terriers good with cats?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be good with cats, but their high prey drive and energetic nature may pose challenges. Some dogs may have a strong instinct to chase smaller animals, including cats, due to their hunting background. Proper training and supervision are essential to ensure a safe and respectful environment for both the dog and the cat. Each dog’s temperament varies, so assessing their behavior and providing gradual introductions can contribute to a successful relationship between Jack Russell Terriers and cats.

Are Jack Russell Terriers good with other dogs?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can be good with other dogs. However, their strong prey drive and assertive nature may lead to potential conflicts, especially with dogs of the same sex. Supervision is essential, particularly during initial interactions or when introducing a new dog to the household. While some Jack Russell Terriers can be sociable and enjoy the company of other dogs, others may be ornery. Consistent training and clear boundaries help in fostering positive relationships with other dogs.

Are Jack Russell Terriers smart?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers are smart. They’re known for their alertness, quick learning ability, and problem-solving skills, and they often excel in agility and obedience training. However, their intelligence can also lead to a degree of independence and strong-willed behavior, requiring consistent training and mental stimulation to channel their smarts positively.

Do Jack Russell Terriers like water?

Yes, Jack Russell Terriers can like water, but this varies by the individual dog. While some individuals may enjoy water activities, others might be hesitant or indifferent. It’s essential to introduce them to water gradually, starting with positive experiences like gentle introductions and praise.

At what age do Jack Russell Terriers calm down?

Jack Russell Terriers start to calm down around three to four years of age; however, this varies among individual dogs. Many of these terriers maintain their spirited and active demeanor well into adulthood. Providing consistent mental and physical stimulation, along with regular exercise, can contribute to a more balanced and calmer Jack Russell Terrier.

Popular Jack Russell Terrier mixes

Some breeds that mix with Jack Russell Terriers include:

  • Jack Chi (Jack Russell Terrier + Chihuahua)

  • Jack Tzu (Jack Russell Terrier + Shih Tzu)

  • Jackschund (Jack Russell Terrier + Dachshund)

  • Jack-A-Poo (Jack Russell Terrier + Poodle)

Jack Russell Terrier Mixes picture

Find Jack Russell Terrier puppies near you

Adopting a Jack Russell Terrier

Learn about acquiring a Jack Russell Terrier - the pros and cons of adopting versus going through a breeder, and associated costs.