10 Things You Should Know Before Adopting a Cat or Kitten

Adopting a cat can be exciting and rewarding — who wouldn’t want to add a little ball of love to their family? But it’s also important to be well-prepared before you welcome a new cat to your home. Whether you’re looking to adopt a playful kitten or a more mature cat, there are a number of things you can do to ensure a smooth transition and a happy life together. From understanding the long-term commitment of having a cat, to better preparing your home for the day you bring them home, here are 10 tips to becoming a successful pet parent.

1. Two kittens are better than one

It’s absolutely possible to raise a happy solo kitty, but if you have the resources, why not consider a pair of them? One thing to know before getting a kitten is that they often thrive with companions. These benefits may make it worthwhile to adopt two instead of one. 

• Socialization: Kittens learn crucial social skills from interacting with their littermates. By having a play buddy, your kitten can start to understand boundaries, how to play gently, and when to stop. Missing this playtime with other cats can lead to issues such as biting and playing too rough.  

• Bite inhibition: Even well-socialized cats sometimes bite as part of play. Socializing with another kitten can teach them how hard is too hard and help you avoid playtime being a pain — literally. 

• Single kitten syndrome: Kittens who grow up without other kittens — sometimes called “singletons” — are at risk of developing single kitten syndrome. This can lead to behavioral issues such as excessive crying, aggression, and anxiety.

2. Cats can live long lives 

While they may not have nine lives, cats can and often do live for 15 to 20 years. Keep this in mind when considering adoption, which is a long-term commitment. There are unique challenges that accompany a cat’s long lifespan, such as changing veterinary and dietary needs, dental requirements, and potential behavioral changes. The good news is that there is plenty of time to build an amazing relationship and gain a best friend. It also means that even when you adopt an older cat, you’ll likely have a long time together to create a special and rewarding bond. 

3. You’ll need to up your cleaning game

Even if it’s your first time adopting a cat, you’ve probably already thought about the litter box. While regular scooping and cleaning are important, there’s a lot more than just litter you’ll need to clean up. Here are a few other cleaning tasks to be aware of. 

• Cat hair: Most cats shed, but some breeds more than others. Regular grooming can help decrease the amount of cleanup required, but you’ll still find hair on furniture, clothes, and floors. Investing in a good vacuum cleaner and other tools to remove fur from surfaces will make your life as a cat parent much easier. 

• Hairballs: Cats groom themselves meticulously, and sometimes this results in hairballs. While it's not the most pleasant thing to clean up, it's a sign that your cat is keeping themselves clean. Regular brushing can help minimize hairballs, and special diets can aid in reducing their formation.

• Vomit: Cats might vomit due to hairballs, eating too quickly, or other minor digestive issues. While cleaning up vomit isn’t fun, it’s usually not a cause for concern. Keep an eye on your cat’s diet and the speed at which they’re eating. Feeding smaller amounts or using puzzle toys can help mitigate vomiting issues.  

• Dead animals: If your cat is an outdoor explorer, they might bring you “gifts” in the form of small critters. While this can be unpleasant, it’s a natural behavior that highlights their instincts, and oddly enough, their love for you.

If these cleaning tasks don’t turn your stomach too much, you’re probably well-prepared for cat parenthood. Don’t forget those playful antics, affectionate moments, and unique personality traits that more than make up for the occasional mess.

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4. You can teach an old cat new tricks 

It’s true that most cats instinctively know how to use a litter box. But that doesn’t apply to all cats. Kittens often learn this behavior from their mothers or other cats, but if they haven’t had that chance, they’ll need to learn from you. We’ll go over litter-box training and a few other important skills here.

• Litter-box training: Positive reinforcement is key for litter-box training. When your cat uses the litter box correctly, reward them with treats and affection to encourage them to repeat the behavior. You can also purchase litter attractant that makes the box a more appealing place for them to go.

• Deter marking: Some cats, typically males, mark their territory by spraying urine. This may result in damaged furniture, floors, or walls if not addressed. Cats mark due to stress, environmental changes, or just as an instinct. To deter this behavior, make sure your cat feels secure and provide plenty of enrichment. Spaying and neutering are also vital to preventing this behavior. 

• Prevent peeing outside the litterbox: It can be frustrating if your cat starts peeing outside the litterbox. But it’s important to approach the situation with patience. Visit the vet to rule out medical issues, try swapping their litter, or place their box in a different area. 

5. Expect the unexpected

Cats are known for their curiosity and playfulness — which can sometimes lead to chaotic moments. As a cat parent, you’ll need to expect the unexpected and cat-proof your home to prevent accidents. Here are the most important places to prep for the arrival of a new cat in your home.

• Furniture: Cats love to climb and perch in high places, so ensure that tall furniture like bookshelves and cabinets are securely anchored.

• Windows: Make sure windows are securely closed or have screens to prevent your cat from falling or escaping.

• Small objects: Keep small items that could be swallowed or knocked over, such as knickknacks or jewelry, in drawers or behind closed doors.

• Hazardous substances: Store cleaning supplies, medications, and other potentially toxic substances in cabinets your cat can’t reach.

• Plants: Many plants are toxic to cats. While some don’t bother plants at all, others chew everything in sight. So research your plants’ effects on cats, and move them out of reach if needed. 

Beyond this household mischief, cats have a few more behaviors you should be prepared for. 

• Knocking things over: Cats often push objects off tables, shelves, and counters. This can be out of curiosity, a desire for attention, or just playfulness. To prevent this, avoid placing breakable items (or full bottles of red wine) near the edges of counters.

• Opening cabinets: Some cats are skilled at opening cabinets and drawers. Installing child-proof locks can keep them out of places they shouldn’t be.

• Scratching: Cats love to climb and scratch, so providing plenty of scratching posts and cat trees can help satisfy these instincts and keep your furniture safe.

• Hiding: Cats are adept at squeezing into small, hidden places. Try to block off any dangerous areas, and check tight spaces if you can’t find your kitty. 

While these behaviors can sometimes be challenging, they also highlight the playful and curious nature of cats, which brings a lot of joy and amusement into a household. 

6. Get ready to be a cat person

Adopting a cat often transforms even skeptics into devoted cat lovers. The bonding process with a cat is profound and rewarding, creating a unique dynamic that transforms the rhythm of your household. You’ll probably also notice changes in your cat’s attitude over time. You’ll build trust to create a strong bond with your cat through petting, grooming, and playing. Your cat will start to show affection with purrs, head-butts, and cuddles, showing their signs of attachment and trust. You can also provide exercise, while improving your relationship, with interactive play using toys like feather wands and obstacle courses. 

Cat people will often tell you their cats run the house. This dynamic will likely find its way into your home with your new family member. Having a cat in the house can change your household in several ways. 

• Daily routines: Cats are creatures of habit and often set the daily rhythm of the household. You might find yourself adjusting your schedule around their feeding times, play sessions, and cuddle moments.

• Sleeping arrangements: Many cats enjoy sleeping next to their human family members, often taking up space on the bed. This can be a cozy and comforting experience, reinforcing the bond between you.

• Attention and demands: Cats have a way of letting you know when they want attention, whether it’s a soft meow, a gentle paw tap, a love nibble, or simply sitting on your keyboard while you work. These moments are endearing reminders of their presence and affection.

Embracing the “cat overlord” dynamic means acknowledging that your cat is a cherished member of the family who influences and enriches your daily life. The bond you develop with your cat will bring immense joy, companionship, and a sense of fulfillment, making you wonder how you ever lived without them. Even if you weren’t a cat person before.

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7. Cats can thrive indoors

Many cats show interest in going outside to explore, but there are several dangers associated with letting your cat roam outside the confines of your home. While this may be a good option for certain cats (especially those who become pets later in life), it’s important to understand the risks before letting them go outside. 

• Traffic: One of the biggest risks for outdoor cats is traffic. Cars pose a significant danger, and accidents can result in serious injury or death.

• Predators and other animals: Outdoor cats can encounter predators such as coyotes, dogs, or even other aggressive cats. These encounters can lead to fights, injuries, or worse.

• Toxins and poisoning: Outdoor environments can expose cats to harmful substances such as pesticides, antifreeze, and poisonous plants. These can be lethal if ingested.

• Diseases and parasites: Cats who roam outside are at a higher risk of contracting diseases like feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus. They are also more susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and worms. If you decide to let your cat outdoors, be sure they’re up to date on all their vaccines and parasite prevention. 

• Getting lost or stolen: Cats who venture far from home can get lost or even be stolen. This can lead to a lot of stress for both the cat and their pet parent. Ensure your cat wears a collar and their microchip is up to date with your contact information. 

While some cats may benefit from outdoor time, and some cats aren’t suited for life indoors, there are a lot of reasons to keep your house cat in the house as much as possible. They’re protected from hazards and diseases. They’re comfy in safe temperatures with food and water. They grow a stronger bond with you, and their lifespan tends to be much longer. If you want your cat to experience the outdoors, try a leash walk or build a catio. 

8. Regular health check-ups are important

Regular veterinary care is just as important for cats as any other pet. Regular visits can provide early detection of potential issues, and ultimately keep your cat healthier. Here are a few common feline health issues.

• Dental disease: Dental issues are common in cats and can lead to pain, tooth loss, and infections. Regular dental cleanings and at-home dental care can help prevent these problems.

• Obesity: Obesity can lead to diabetes, arthritis, and other serious conditions. Monitoring your cat’s diet and ensuring they get enough exercise can help maintain a healthy weight.

• Kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease is common in older cats. Symptoms include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, and decreased appetite. It can typically be managed with medication and dietary changes. 

• Urinary tract issues: Cats are prone to urinary tract infections and blockages. Signs you need to take your cat to the vet include frequent urination, straining to urinate, and blood in the urine. 

• Hyperthyroidism: This condition is common in older cats and can cause weight loss, increased appetite, and hyperactivity. Medication or other treatments can help manage it.

• Feline diabetes: Symptoms include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, and lethargy. Managing your cat’s diet and providing regular insulin injections can help control this disease.

• Upper respiratory infections: These infections are similar to the common cold in humans and are particularly prevalent in cats from shelters or multi-cat households. Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. Vaccinations and prompt treatment can help manage these infections.

9. They have nutrition and diet needs

A well-balanced diet is essential for your cat to thrive. Let’s go over the basics of a healthy cat diet. 

• High-quality protein: Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they require a diet rich in animal-based proteins. Look for cat foods that list high-quality protein sources, such as chicken, beef, or fish, as the primary ingredient.

• Essential nutrients: Ensure your cat’s diet includes essential nutrients like taurine, arachidonic acid, and vitamins A and D, which are critical for their health.

• Moisture content: Cats naturally have a low thirst drive and often don’t drink enough water. Wet food or a combination of wet and dry food can help maintain proper hydration and support urinary tract health.

• Balanced diet: Feeding your cat a diet formulated specifically for their life stage (kitten, adult, senior) can help them get the nutrients they need.

Now that you know what you should do, let’s talk about what not to do. Here are some common dietary dilemmas faced by cat parents: 

• Go for quality over quantity: Opt for high-quality, commercially prepared cat foods that meet AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) standards. 

• Avoid fillers and additives: Be cautious of cat foods with excessive fillers like corn, soy, and wheat. Also, avoid foods with artificial preservatives, colors, and flavors.

• Exercise portion control: Overfeeding is a common issue that can lead to obesity and related health problems. Follow the feeding guidelines on the cat food package, and make adjustments based on your cat’s age, weight, and activity level.

• Transition into new foods: If you need to switch your cat’s food, do so gradually to avoid gastrointestinal upset. 

• Give treats in moderation: While treats can be a great way to bond with your cat and reward good behavior, they should be given in moderation. Treats should not exceed 10 percent of your cat’s daily caloric intake.

• Talk to an expert for homemade diets: If you’re considering a homemade diet, consult with your vet or a pet nutritionist to ensure it’s nutritionally complete. 

By prioritizing a healthy diet and making informed choices about your cat’s food, you can support their long-term health and well-being.

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10. The cat adoption process

Adopting a cat is a fulfilling experience that brings joy and companionship into your home. Understanding the steps involved in the adoption process and preparing for a smooth transition can help ensure a positive experience for both you and your new feline friend.

Finding your new cat

Research and preparation

• Determine which type of cat is best suited for your lifestyle (kitten, adult, senior, special needs).

• Research local shelters and rescues, read reviews, and visit their websites to learn about their adoption policies.

Visit shelters and meet cats

• Visit shelters or attend adoption events to meet potential pets.

• Spend time interacting with the cats to understand their personalities.

• Fill out an adoption application, providing information about your home, lifestyle, and previous experience.

Adoption fees and paperwork

• Pay the adoption fee, which usually covers vaccinations, spaying/neutering, and a health check.

• Review and sign the adoption agreement, which outlines your responsibilities as a pet parent.

Prepare your home

• Before bringing your new cat home, set up a designated space with essential items like food, water, a litter box, scratching posts, and toys.

• Create a quiet, comfortable area where your cat can feel safe and gradually acclimate.

Tips for a smooth transition after adoption

Gradual introductions

• Allow your cat to explore their new space at their own pace. Start with one room and gradually expand their access to the rest of the house.

• Provide hiding spots and cozy areas where your cat can retreat if they feel overwhelmed.

• If you have other pets, introduce them gradually and under supervision. Use a baby gate or keep them in separate rooms initially.

Consistency and routine

• Establish a consistent routine for feeding, playtime, and grooming. Cats thrive on predictability and routine.

• Use the same type of litter and litter-box setup they were accustomed to at the shelter to ease the transition.

Bonding and socialization

• Spend quality time bonding with your new cat through gentle petting, interactive play, and talking to them softly.

• Encourage socialization by providing positive experiences and rewarding good behavior with treats and affection.

Health and behavior

• Keep an eye on your cat’s health and behavior during the transition period. Look for any signs of stress, illness, or behavioral issues.

• Schedule a veterinary check-up within the first few weeks to establish a baseline for your cat’s health, and address any concerns.

By following these steps, you can create a smooth adoption and homing process for your new cat. 

First-time cat parent checklist

Adopting a cat is an exciting journey, and being well-prepared will help ensure a smooth transition. Get prepared with this new cat checklist.

Cat essentials

• Food and water bowls

• High-quality cat food

• Litter box and litter

• Scratching posts and pads

• Cat bed and hiding spots

• Toys and enrichment items

• Grooming supplies

• Cat carrier

• ID tags

• Enzyme cleaner

Preparations

• Research, and select a vet

• Cat-proof your home

• Set up a safe space

• Establish a routine

Adopting a cat is a big commitment, but it comes with years of joy and devoted companionship. Being well-prepared will kick off a happy, healthy life for your new cat. 

If you are ready to welcome a new cat, visit Adopt a Pet to find local shelters and rescues where you can meet felines waiting for a loving home. Always consider adopting first, and be open to the unique personalities and needs of each cat. The experience of providing a forever home to a cat is profoundly rewarding and filled with moments of joy, laughter, and unconditional love.