Caring for Your Senior Dog: Health Tips for New Pet Parents

Adopting a senior dog can feel like welcoming a wise, furry grandparent into your home — complete with built-in manners, a penchant for napping, and an endless supply of love and loyalty. However, it’s important to keep in mind that senior dogs have unique healthcare needs. While helping your newly adopted senior dog stay healthy and comfortable requires some extra attention and care, it’s entirely manageable and so worth it.

In this guide, we’ll explore essential healthcare tips for senior dogs, from dietary adjustments to senior-appropriate toys to monitoring for health conditions. Whether you already have a senior dog in your family or you’re considering adopting one, these tips will equip you with the knowledge to give your senior companion the best golden years possible.

When does a dog become a senior?

On average, dogs are considered “seniors” around the age of seven. But, this can vary depending on their size. Small dogs tend to live longer than large dogs so they may not reach their senior stride until around 11 or 12 years old. Medium-sized dogs are typically considered seniors around 10 years of age. Here’s a breakdown of when dogs of different sizes are considered seniors:

• Small dogs: 11 years

• Medium dogs: 10 years

• Large dogs: 8 years

• Giant dogs: 7 years

Benefits of adopting a senior dog 

Senior dogs are often overlooked in shelters, because many people want to adopt a puppy or younger dog. But these old souls have so much love to give and can make wonderful companions, too. Here are some compelling reasons to consider bringing an older dog into your home.

• Calm and composed: Senior dogs are typically more relaxed and less energetic than their younger counterparts. They are often content with a leisurely walk or a cozy nap by your side, making them perfect companions for a peaceful household.

• Known temperament: Senior dogs have fully developed personalities, so you can have a better idea of what to expect behavior- and temperament-wise than with a puppy. This can make finding a dog that fits well with your lifestyle and home environment easier.

• Trained and experienced: Many senior dogs are already trained and know commands like sit, stay, and come. They often have good manners and are already housebroken, saving you the time and effort of training from scratch.

• Less destructive: Older dogs are less likely to chew on your favorite shoes or tear up the furniture. Their lower energy levels mean they are generally less destructive and more content with simple pleasures.

• Saves a life: Adopting a senior dog can literally be a lifesaver. Older dogs are often the last to be adopted and the first to be euthanized in overcrowded shelters. By choosing to adopt a senior dog, you’re giving them a second chance at life and freeing up space for another animal in need.

Senior dog health considerations 

Adopting a senior dog has so many perks, but it also requires being prepared to meet their unique health needs. Below are some key health considerations to keep in mind.

Regular vet visits

Senior dogs should see a veterinarian more frequently than younger dogs. Biannual (rather than annual) check-ups are recommended to monitor their health closely. These visits allow for early detection of issues, which often makes treatment more effective and less invasive.

Dog food for senior dogs

“It’s best to feed older dogs senior dog food because their nutritional needs change with age,” says Dr. Dwight Alleyne, a small practice veterinarian and veterinary health expert for JustAnswer. “On average, the age to switch to senior food is around seven years of age.”

Here’s what to look for when searching for the best food for your senior dog. 

• High in protein: Older dogs often stop producing as much protein on their own, increasing their need for it.

• Lower in calories: Dogs tend to become less active as they age, which decreases their caloric needs. If your dog is putting on weight, it can help to switch to lower-calorie dog food.

• Contains specific nutrients for joint health: To support joint health and mobility, choose a food that contains glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, and/or omega-3 fatty acids. Alternatively, you can provide these supplements separately from the food (with your vet’s approval). 

Look for dog foods labeled specifically for senior dogs, as they usually meet these criteria.

Exercise for senior dogs

While senior dogs may not be as energetic as their younger counterparts, regular exercise is still crucial to their overall health. Exercise helps maintain their weight, supports joint health, and provides mental stimulation.

Senior dogs typically benefit from gentle, low-impact exercise like walking, swimming, and light play. Dr. Alleyne suggests tailoring the intensity and duration of exercise to their individual needs and capabilities. Always monitor your dog for signs of fatigue or discomfort, and adjust their activity level accordingly. Consult your vet to develop an exercise plan that suits your dog’s specific health status.

Joint care for senior dogs

Arthritis and joint issues are common in senior dogs. Providing a comfortable bed with orthopedic support, ramps for easier access to furniture, and regular low-impact exercise like swimming or gentle walks can help maintain their mobility. “Joint supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM can also be of great benefit,” Dr. Alleyne says. 

Dental health for senior dogs

Dental issues are common in older dogs due to the cumulative effects of time, diet, and eating habits, which contribute to oral decay. Poor oral health can escalate into serious problems like tooth loss and infections, making regular teeth-cleaning essential. Ideally, brush your dog’s teeth daily using dog-safe toothpaste. If daily brushing isn’t doable, aim for at least three times a week. During your dog’s biannual check-ups, your vet will assess your pet’s teeth and gums and determine if professional cleaning is necessary.

Also, keep an eye out for signs of dental issues that need veterinary attention, such as loose or missing teeth, bad breath, difficulty eating, and excessive drooling.

Weight management for senior dogs

Maintaining a healthy weight is vital for senior dogs. Excess weight can exacerbate joint problems and lead to other health issues like diabetes and heart disease. Monitor your dog’s weight regularly and adjust their diet and exercise routine as needed to keep them fit. Avoid overfeeding and limit treats to no more than 10 percent of their daily caloric intake.

Mental stimulation for senior dogs

As with humans, dogs can experience cognitive decline. Keep your senior dog mentally stimulated with puzzle toys, interactive play, and social interaction with other dogs and humans, and by teaching them new tricks. This can help keep their minds sharp and prevent boredom.

Monitoring for common age-related conditions

Senior dogs are more prone to certain health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, heart problems, and vision loss. Regular blood tests and monitoring for changes in behavior, appetite, or energy levels can help catch these issues early. Always report any concerning symptoms to your vet promptly.

According to Dr. Alleyne, common signs of an underlying health issue include: 

• Increased drinking and urination

• Unusual changes in weight or appetite 

• Decreased activity and energy 

• Lameness

• Changes in skin or coat 

Senior dog toys

Just because your dog’s coat is turning gray, that doesn’t mean their eyes won’t light up when they see their favorite squeaky toy. Still, older dogs might have different preferences and needs than younger ones.

If your dog has dental problems, avoid hard toys that could damage their teeth or be difficult for them to chew. Plush toys, a KONG filled with treats or kibble, soft balls, and puzzle toys are good choices. Regularly rotate toys to keep things interesting.

How to prepare for a senior dog adoption 

If you’ve decided to adopt a senior dog, congratulations (and thank you). There are so many wonderful older dogs eagerly waiting for a loving home. Before you head to the shelter to choose your new dog, it’s important to prepare your home first. Here’s what to do.

1. Create a senior-friendly home environment

Making your home senior-friendly is essential for the comfort and safety of your older dog. This includes:

• Ensuring easy access to key spots, such as their bed and food/water area

• Using ramps or pet stairs to make it easier for them to get on furniture (if allowed)

• Placing non-slip mats in certain areas of the house to prevent falls

2. Dog-proof your home

Regardless of age, it’s crucial to dog-proof your home when bringing a new dog home. This entails:

• Ensuring toxic items (such as cleaning supplies, medications, certain plants and foods) are out of reach 

• Keeping electrical cords hidden or inaccessible

• Securing items like food and trash

• Putting away toys and small objects

• Securing unstable furniture

• Closing windows and doors

• Blocking off stairways (if needed)

3. Stock up on supplies

Gather all the supplies you’ll need for your senior dog, including:

• Age-appropriate food and treats

• Bowls for food and water

• A comfortable orthopedic bed

• Toys suitable for older dogs

• Grooming supplies like brushes and nail clippers

• A collar, ID tag, and leash

4. Schedule a vet appointment

Arrange a vet appointment shortly after bringing your senior dog home. This initial check-up will help establish a baseline for their health and allow you to discuss any concerns or questions with your vet.

Commonly asked questions

Why adopt a senior dog?

Adopting a senior dog gives them a loving home in their golden years. Senior dogs are typically calm, well-mannered, and grateful companions. They often require less training and have fully developed personalities.

How can you tell how old your new dog is?

A vet can estimate your dog’s age by examining their teeth, eyes, and overall physical condition. Dental wear and tear, the clarity of the eyes, and the condition of the fur and skin are common indicators used to determine a dog’s age.

How can I help my senior dog adjust to a new home?

To help your senior dog adjust to their new home, establish a consistent routine, and provide a quiet, comfortable space for them to retreat. Offer plenty of reassurance and gentle affection. Be patient while they acclimate to their new environment at their own pace.

How do I care for a senior dog with mobility issues?

For senior dogs with mobility issues, provide orthopedic beds, ramps, and non-slip mats. Provide gentle exercise and consult your vet about supplements or medications to manage pain and improve joint health.

Resources 

Choosing Food for Your Senior Dog

Caring for Older Dogs

7 Easy Ways to Keep Your Senior Dog Healthy